Территория Нефтегаз № 9 2016

» Some issues of information and measurement systems and automated electric power supply control systems interaction

Problems of construction of automated electric power supply control systems (APSCS) are relevant for the oil and gas industry. There are articles devoted to the problems of formulation, formalization and algorithmization of separate functional tasks of APSCS. A number of issues related to the interaction of APSCS components with the primary measurement devices and process-specific information and measuring systems, remains unresolved. The essential difference of APSCS from process ACS is the low inertia of the electromagnetic and electromechanical processes. As part of supply voltage monitoring problem solution to meet the quality control requirements of electrical energy requires a high sampling rate of the input signals. Obtained scopes of data are too large for processing and long term storage. Capabilities of existing process- specific measuring systems are not sufficient to meet these challenges. The problem of creation of high-precision, non-filled at alarms primary sensors for APSCS is not solved yet. Creation of information and measuring systems for APSCS may be possible either on the basis of modern industrial computers with large processing power and high-speed solid-state hard drive, or on the basis of modern industrial microcontrollers. The main difficulty is related to the requirement of high-precision synchronization of measurements, in the long term the application of radio frequency signals of GLONASS/GPS satellite systems or fibre-optic cables is possible. However, the solution to the problem of APSCS information support does not resolve the problem of their performance, which is not enough to work in real time. APSCS should solve the problems of decision-making support in the field of industrial electrical engineering systems (EES) control. One of the pressing issues of the reliability improvement of EES is also the decrease of abnormal operation probability of emergency shut-down and automation systems. The probability of abnormal operation of microprocessing protection exceeds manifold the same value for the systems based on electromechanical electronic components. The algorithmic solution of the problem is proposed. Algorithms should be based on a simple physical sound relations between monitored parameters of the electrical engineering system. The functionality of standard measuring and control means is enough to solve this problem. A number of examples is considered for reliable diagnosis provision for emergency disturbances. It is proposed to solve this problem by the creation of automatic control for electric load units that will improve the reliability of liquidation of EES emergency modes and reduce the number of false and unjustified trips.

Keywords: APSCS, voltage monitoring, information and measuring systems, signals synchronization, protection of load units, reduction the number of false trips.

Authors:

A.V. Egorov, e-mail: egorov.a@gubkin.ru; Gubkin Russian State Oil and Gas University (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

G.N. Malinovskaya, e-mail: malinovskaya.g@gubkin.ru; Gubkin Russian State Oil and Gas University (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

I.Yu. Khabarov, e-mail: khrabrov.i@gubkin.ru, Gubkin Russian State Oil and Gas University (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Belousenko I.V., Golovatov S.A., Goruynov O.A., Ershov M.S., Trifonov A.A. APSCS functional tasks for power supply facilities of Gazprom OJSC. Trudy Rossiyskogo gos. un-ta nefti i gaza im. I.M. Gubkina = Proceedings of the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, 2012, No. 3 (268), pp. 111–124. (In Russian)
Egorov A.V., Malinovskaya G.N., Trifonov A.A. Algorithms for solving some problems of electrical engineering systems supervision control of industrial enterprises. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2014, No. 3, pp. 12–16. (In Russian)
Ershov M.S., Egorov A.V., Komkov A.N. New electric energy quality standard and regulation matters of its suppliers and consumers relations. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2012, No. 6, pp. 140–146. (In Russian)
Ershov M.S., Malinovskaya G.N., Trifonov A.A. Functional tasks of APSCS. Evaluation of reliability and online calculation of electric power supply system modes. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2010, No. 6, pp. 128–133. (In Russian)
Ershov M.S., Egorov A.V., Trifonov A.A. The stability of industrial electrical engineering systems. Мoscow, Publishing house Nedra, 2010. (In Russian)
Belyaev A.V. Experience in automatic power supply control system adaptation. Automation of energy facilities and power supply energy systems of process facilities at Gazprom OJSC. Proceedings of the meeting of the section 'Energy' STC of Gazprom OJSC. Мoscow, Gazprom expo, 2009, pp. 122–133. (In Russian)
Egorov A.V., Komkov A.N., Malinovskaya G.N. On the question of mutual influence of electric drives as a part of the electrical engineering system. Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 2, pp. 106–112. (In Russian)
Zhdanov D.V., Filin L.L. Improving the reliability of auxiliary power plants. Promyshlennaya energetika = Industrial energetics, 2008, No. 9, pp. 23–27. (In Russian)

For citation:
Egorov A.V., Malinovskaya G.N., Khabarov I.Yu. Some issues of information and measurement systems and automated electric power supply control systems interaction (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 18–24.

» Theoretical bases and practice of getting plugging materials for cementing steam injection wells

Integrity of steam injection wells support depends on the filling degree of the annular space with cementing slurry, cement stone state at mechanical effect in the process of wells deepening and alternating thermal effects during its subsequent operation. Increase of filling degree of the annular space due to the cementing slurry flow breakdown is only possible when using plasticizers. It is necessary to preserve the filtration characteristics of cementing slurry. The application of cementing slurries with a colmatage effect due to the use of reinforcing fibres and fluid loss reducing agents is grounded for the reduction of absorption probability. Cement stone should have an extension of 1.5–2.5% in a period of 1 to 3 days to improve the integrity of the contact zones. After the injection of coolant the basic requirement for cement stone is its thermal stability. In this case cement stone starts hardening at low temperatures, and only then is subjected to thermal effects, which greatly affect the sequence of hardening products formation and their subsequent characteristics. In the first phase the sand is inert, so the strength of cement stone should be ensured by artificial cement. During the hardening of this cement the products with a high ratio of CaO/SiO2 are formed, which will be exposed to heat corrosion after well heating. It is very important to avoid the formation of -hydrate phase of C2S, resulting in the highest drop in strength. The scheme of single stage calcium hydrosilicates synthesis is proposed to control the kinetics of phase formation of stone, minimizing the formation of -hydrate phase of C2S. During production of cementing materials for steam injection wells of CT ACTIVE II-160 KM grade Cement Technology LLC provides disintegrator activation and complex modification of cements. Disintegrator treatment, in addition to sand surface area increase, provides its mechanical and chemical activation. The result of the latter is more defective structure of materials with enhanced chemical activity. Structural defects are confirmed by electron microscopic surveys, and increase of chemical activity is proved by results of evaluation of silica with calcium hydroxide interaction rate. The phase composition of the hardening products is presented, except for calcium hydroxide and silica, by minerals S2SH2, C4AH13, CSH (B), C3ASxH(6–2x). Disintegrator cement treatment has significantly improved the structure of the resulting cement stone. Comprehensive modification of cements enabled the intake formations colmatation with fibre, increase the impact resistance and the stone expansion, as well as to minimize the time between the end of cementation and the beginning of hardening. No cement stone strength drops, characteristic for the thermal corrosion, were detected during the thermal cycling. Well cement CT ACTIVE II 160 KM is applied in casing strings of more than 135 wells, about 22.5 thousand tons of cement with good results cementing is used.

Keywords: steam injection wells, plugging materials, heat resistance, disintegrator processing, complex modification.

Authors:

F.A. Agzamov, e-mail: faritag@yandex.ru; Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia).

I.N. Karimov, Cement Technology LLC (Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia).

R.S. Myazhitov, Cement Technology LLC (Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia).

References:

Takhautdinov Sh.F., Ibragimov N.G., Studensky M.N. et al. The problems of horizontal drilling of bitumen deposits. Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 2007, No. 7, pp. 30–34. (In Russian)
Kateev R.I. Wells casing in abnormal hydrodynamic conditions of oil fields development in Tatarstan. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2005, 167 p. (In Russian)
Bulatov A.I., Ukhanov R.F. Improvement of hydraulic methods of wells cementing. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1978. (In Russian)
Basarygin Yu.M., Bulatov A.I., Proselkov Yu.M. Wells completion. Moscow, Nedra-Business center, 2002, 667 p. (In Russian)
Danyushevsky V.S., Aliyev R.M., Tolstykh I.F. Reference guide for cementing materials. 2nd ed. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1987, 311 p. (In Russian)
Karimov N.Kh., Danyushevsky V.S., Rakhimbaev Sh.M. Development of formulations and application of expanding oil-well cements – Overview. Moscow, All-Russian Research Institute for the Organization, Management and Economics of the Oil and Gas Industry, 1980, 50 p. with ill.
(In Russian)
Agzamov F.A., Babkov V.V., Karimov I.N. On the proper value of cementing materials expansion. Territorija NEFTEGAZ = Oil and Gas Territory, 2011, No. 8, pp. 14–15. (In Russian)
Karimov N.Kh., Akchurin Kh.I., Gazizov Kh.V., Izmuhambetov B.S., Karimov I.N. A method for expanding cementing material production.
RF Patent No. 2105132, 1998, BI 5, 8 p. (In Russian)
Agzamov F.A., Tikhonov M.A., Karimov I.N. Fibre reinforcement influence on properties of cementing materials. Territorija NEFTEGAZ = Oil and Gas Territory, 2013, No. 4, pp. 76–80. (In Russian)
Levshin V.A., Novokhatskiy D.F., Parinov P.F., Sidorenko Y.I. Fibre reinforced cementing materials. Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 1982, No. 3, pp. 25–27. (In Russian)
Babkov V.V., Mokhov V.N., Davletshin M.B., Parfenov A.V. Technological capabilities of the impact endurance increase of cementing concrete. Stroitel’nye materialy = Building materials, 2000, No. 10, pp. 19–20. (In Russian)
Rabinovich F.N. About certain features of composites operation based on fibre concrete and reinforced concrete. Beton i zhelezobeton = Concrete and Reinforced Concrete, 1998, No. 6, pp. 19–23. (In Russian)
Bulatov A.I. Management of physical and mechanical properties of cementing systems. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1976. (In Russian)
Danyushevsky V.S. Engineering of optimal composition of well cements. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1978, 293 p. (In Russian)
Agzamov F.A., Izmuhambetov B.S., Tokunova E.F. Chemistry of oil-well and drilling fluids. Saint Petersburg, Nedra Publ., 2011, 268 p. (In Russian)
Kravtsov V.M., Kuznetsov Yu.S., Mavlyutov M.R., Agzamov F.A. High temperature wells casing in corrosive environments. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1987, 190 p. (In Russian)
Butt Yu.M., Rashkovich L.N. Hardening of binders at high temperatures. Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1965, 224 p. (In Russian)
Agzamov F.A., Izmuhambetov B.S. Durability of cement stone in corrosive environments. Saint Petersburg, Nedra LLC, 2005, 318 p. (In Russian)
Karimov I.N., Agzamov F.A., Myazhitov R.S. Cementing material. Patent No. 2530805 RF published on 10.10.2014, Bull. No. 28. (In Russian)
Hint I.A. Fundamentals of silicalcite products production. Moscow – Leningrad, Gosstroiizdat, 1962, 601 p. (In Russian)
Izmuhambetov B.S., Agzamov F.A., Umraliev B.T. Application of disintegrator technology in the preparation of powdered materials for wells construction. Saint Petersburg, Nedra LLC, 2007, 464 p. (In Russian)
Yusupov I.G., Amerkhanova S.I., Kateev R.I. Assessment methods of the quality of wells construction and the results of their application at Tatneft OJSC. Burenie i neft’ = Drilling and Oil, 2008, No. 9, pp. 48–51. (In Russian)

For citation:
Agzamov F.A., Karimov I.N., Myazhitov R.S. Theoretical bases and practice of getting plugging materials for cementing steam injection wells (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 26–33.

» Analysis of energy-saving technologies for gas cooling based on air cooling units for gas transport at Gazprom PJSC

energy-saving technologies, natural gas cooling technology, air cooling units, efficiency of the fuel gas flow rate, gas cooling degree, energy saving, energy efficiency, innovative technologies, upgraded gas air cooling unit.

Keywords: energy-saving technologies, natural gas cooling technology, air cooling units, efficiency of the fuel gas flow rate, gas cooling degree, energy saving, energy efficiency, innovative technologies, upgraded gas air cooling unit.

Authors:

G.A. Khvorov, e-mail: G_Khvorov@vniigaz.gazprom.ru; Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC (Moscow, Russia).
M.V. Yumashev, e-mail: M_Yumashev@vniigaz.gazprom.ru, Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC (Moscow, Russia).

For citation:
Khvorov G.A., Yumashev M.V. Analysis of energy-saving technologies for gas cooling based on air cooling units for gas transport at Gazprom PJSC (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 127–132.

» Field test site of Saratovorgdiagnostika branch of Orgenergogaz LLC – a guarantee of quality and reliable equipment delivery to the existing facilities of Gazprom PJSC

This article discusses the purpose and the main tasks of the single complex test site of Gazprom PJSC for testing of pipeline valves, process equipment for gas distribution stations (GDS), in-line inspection means, cathodic protection station, prefabricated equipment, separation equipment and pressure vessels. Qualification tests of the above specified equipment and systems are to confirm their stated specifications, performance and compliance verification with regulatory and technical documentation of Gazprom PJSC with the subsequent listing in the List of equipment authorized for use in the facilities of the main pipeline transport. Tests are carried out under the supervision of a permanent committee of Gazprom PJSC in accordance with the Testing program and procedure developed by Orgenergogaz JSC on a specially equipped test benches. Test site infrastructure provides for the test, most close to the operating conditions, utilizing the gas stream with a pressure of up to PN 10.0 MPa at a rate of up to 50 th. nm3/h as working fluid. To improve the quality of acceptance and parameters and test modes enhancement of new process equipment Orgenergogaz LLC developed and coordinated with Gazprom PJSC a Draft of Terms of Reference for the test site reconstruction. The reconstruction will allow for the full qualification test of the full range of process equipment, which is part of GDS with capacity of up to 100 th. m3/h, GDS operating under minimally-manned mode, the entire range of pipeline valves up to a pressure of 16.0 MPa, automatic gas filling compressor stations.

Keywords: complex field test site, pipeline valves, process equipment for GDS, test procedure, test program, qualification test, equipment list, test bench.

Authors:

Yu.I. Esin, Orgenergogaz LLC (Moscow, Russia).

V.I. Starodubtsev, Orgenergogaz LLC (Moscow, Russia).

D.V. Stulov, Orgenergogaz LLC (Moscow, Russia).

For citation:
Esin Yu.I., Starodubtsev V.I., Stulov D.V. Field test site of Saratovorgdiagnostika branch of Orgenergogaz LLC – a guarantee of quality and reliable equipment delivery to the existing facilities of Gazprom PJSC (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 34–38.

» Simulation of the productive deposits geological structure in Yarakta horizon

The most important step in the three-dimensional geological simulation is to create a conceptual geological model that reflects the basic principles of the geological structure of the deposit. Successful prediction of the size and shape of natural hydrocarbons collector and correct three-dimensional geological model construction require the process of sedimentation and tectonic evolution study for the surveyed area (conceptual model). The conceptual geological model enables us to justify the parameters and types of nets, configure simulation algorithms. Knowledge of sedimentation and tectonic structure in the regional plan allows to justify the simulation technique and thereby to reduce the number of iterations during three-dimensional geological model creation and to achieve the greatest possible accuracy. The most important parts of the conceptual geological model are sedimentation and tectonic models. Adequately constructed sedimentation model has specific predictive potential, allowing creating a three-dimensional geological model even in a limited set of data in a rare net of wells on the most area of the productivity. The object of research in this paper is the territory of Dulisminskoye licensed area (LA), with opened similarly named oil and gas field. The results of lithofacies analysis and paleogeographic reconstructions revealed the situation of deposits formation in the Yarakta horizon in the territory of Dulisminskoye licensed area. Designed lithofacies model of Yarakta horizon deposits allowed establishing the patterns of reservoirs zones development of significantly different thicknesses, geological structure and quality. The proposed sedimentation model was used to create the three-dimensional geological model. Solution of development monitoring and control tasks on the basis of the revised model will improve the efficiency of productive deposits development of Dulisminskoye field Yarakta horizon.

Keywords: conceptual geological model, sedimentation, core, particle size analysis, genetic types of deposits, Yarakta horizon, Dulsiminskoe field.

Authors:

D.A. Kazanskaya, e-mail: kazanskaya_d@aotandem.ru; Tyumen State Oil and Gas University (Tyumen, Russia).

V.М. Alexandrov, e-mail: alexandrov_v@aotandem.ru; Tandem JSC (Tyumen, Russia).

V.А. Belkina, e-mail: belkina@tsogu.ru, Tyumen State Oil and Gas University (Tyumen, Russia).

References:

Aleksandrov V.M., Belkina V.A., Kazanskaya D.A. The conceptual geological model of productive deposits in Yarakta horizon. Territorija Neftegas = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 6, p. 30–39. (In Russian)

Zakrevskiy K.Ye. Geological 3D-simulation. Мoscow, PPC Maska Ltd., 2009, 376 pp.

Muromtsev V.S. Electrometric geology of sand bodies – lithologic traps of oil and gas. Leningrad, Nedra, 1984, 260 pp. (In Russian)

Chernova L.S. Genetic models of continental and coastal-marine deposits microfacies of the Siberian platform. Proceedings of Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources ‘Reservoirs and screens of oil and gas in Mesozoic and Paleozoic deposits of the Siberian platform’, Novosibirsk, 1980, Issue 280, p. 39–45. (In Russian)

Chernova L.S. Genetic models of some types of coastal marine and continental sediments facies. Proceedings of Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources ‘Lithology and reservoir properties of Paleozoic and Mesozoic deposits in Siberia’, Novosibirsk, 1976, Issue 232, p. 93–99. (In Russian)

Chernova L.S. Patterns of genetic types of oil and gas clastic reservoir. Proceedings of Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources ‘Rock reservoirs of oil and gas deposits in Siberia’, Novosibirsk, 1984, p. 13–26. (In Russian)

Savinkin P.T., Kuznetsov V.G., Ilyukhin L.N. Tikhomirova G.I. Facial paleogeomorphic environment of Yarakta horizon formation in south-eastern part of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise. Geologiya nefti i gaza = Geology of oil and gas, 1991, No. 12, p. 8–12. (In Russian)

For citation:
Kazanskaya D.A., Alexandrov V.М., Belkina V.А. Simulation of the productive deposits geological structure in Yarakta horizon (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 54–60.

» Analysis of hydrodynamic connectivity and reservoir properties of different facies zones of the upper part of Vasyugan suite in latitudinal Ob region

The article describes the results of comprehensive research on the fields dedicated to Nizhnevartovsk and Surgut arches. Necessity of clarifying the geological feature already producing fields caused by the constant arrival of new geological and geophysical data, the analysis of which reveals significant differences between the initial idea of the geological structure of the object and its actual characteristics. Based on the allocation of well-logging facies analysis, permeability coefficients and open porosity in selected facial areas, in order to identify the most favorable areas for exploration planning. Conducting diagnosis using PS-formal curve allows selecting a number of well-logging facies, the degree of homogeneity of the object and its lithofacies features. As a result of research within the field Kechimovskoye field of the studied reservoir proceeded in the island area of the system and the high seas, in view of which stand out relatively deep-water sediment accumulation environment; effective area of discontinuous flows; transitional furnishings from less to more deep-water. According to the form of PS curve in the study area Nong-Yoganskoye field, in addition to the above sedimentary environments also allocated area of sand bodies. The effect of the “sea” facial replacement zones represented compacted clays caused the variability of reservoir properties of the formation. Also, the complexity of the structure is confirmed by the tracer research, the course of indicators entering into production wells shows their zonal heterogeneity which is caused by plural development of sedimentary environments, mostly typical for coastal marine zone. In the considerable object is possible the presence of the seal areas – a kind of a geological barrier, which may influence on the nature of the oil-bearing.

Keywords: well-logging facies, permeability, open porosity, facial zones, tracer method.

Authors:

A.V. Lobusev, e-mail: lobusev@gmail.com; The Faculty of petroleum geology and geophysics, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

S.N. Kuznetsov, e-mail: serkolar@mail.ru; The Faculty of petroleum geology and geophysics, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

K.M. Saprykina, e-mail: ks.saprykina@gmail.com, The Faculty of petroleum geology and geophysics, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Muromtsev V.S. Electrometric geology of sand bodies – lithologic traps of oil and gas. Leningrad, Nedra, 1984, 256 pp. (In Russian)

Lobusev A.V., Kulik L.S. Hydrocarbon saturation of Upper Jurassic-Achimov deposits of Shirotnoye Ob. Territorija NEFTEGAS = Oil and Gas Territory, 2010, No. 6, pp. 48–51.

Sokolovsky Ye.V., Soloviev G.B., Trenchikov Y.I. Indicator methods of oil and gas reservoirs survey. Мoscow, Nedra, 1986, 157 pp. (In Russian)

For citation:
Lobusev A.V., Kuznetsov S.N., Saprykina K.M. Analysis of hydrodynamic connectivity and reservoir properties of different facies zones of the upper part of Vasyugan suite in latitudinal Ob region (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 48–53.

» Analysis of results on the unsteady waterflood well testing

Changing the exposure to injection wells in unsteady water flooding leads to changes in the physical parameters drowned collectors in their considerable volume. Under the current regime flooding inundated the channels are formed, in which there is a preferential movement of the injected water. Changing the order of switching on and off groups of injection wells leads to overflow of water flooding in heavy oil feeds, which immediately reflected on the results of hydrodynamic studies of well test. On the basis of the analysis of well test data before and after the change of the regime of non-stationary effects it showed that this change leads to an increase in average hydraulic conductivity and reduced diffusivity.

Keywords: manifold, unsteady water flooding, well testing, water permeability, piezoconductivity, a change in direction of the filtration flow, high viscosity oil.

Authors:

I.V. Vladimirov, e-mail: igorv@ufamail.ru; Concord JSC (Moscow, Russia). FSBEI HPE «Ufa State Oil Technical University» (Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia).

E.M. Al’myhametova, e-mail: elikaza@mail.ru; Branch of FSBEI Ufa state petroleum technical university in Oktyabr'skiy (Oktyabr'skiy, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia).

R.R. Varisova; Branch of FSBEI Ufa state petroleum technical university in Sterlitamak (Sterlitamak, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia).

E.M. Abutalipova; FSBEI HPE «Ufa State Oil Technical University» (Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia).

A.N. Avrenyuk, e-mail: And-mail@mail.ru FSBEI HPE «Ufa State Oil Technical University» (Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia).

References:

Justification of Research program for geological fluids. Information report on the R&D according to the agreement for scientific and technical support for the North Buzachi field development (contract No. SC13/242/00/S). Мoscow, Concord CJSC, 2013, 71 p. (In Russian)

Vladimirov I.V., Pichugin O.N., Gorshkov A.V. Experience in the use of technology of non-stable flooding at heavy oil deposits of Northern Buzachi field. Neftepromyslovoe delo = Petroleum Engineering, 2013, No. 11, pp. 46–52. (In Russian)

Vladimirov I.V., Veliyev E.M., Almuhametova E.M., Abylhairov D.T. Application of non-stable flooding in heavy oil deposits with dual permeability reservoir. Problemy sbora, podgotovki i transporta nefti i nefteproduktov = Problems of collection, treatment and transportation of oil and oil products, 2014, Rev. 4 (98), pp. 16–25. (In Russian)

Vladimirov I.V., Veliyev E.M., Almuhametova E.M. Application of non-stable flooding in uniform permeability reservoir saturated with heavy oil. Energy Efficiency. Problems and Prospects: Proceedings of XIV International scientific-practical conference forum, October 23, 2014. Ufa: Publishing House of the State Unitary Enterprise IPTER, 2014, pp. 50–52. (In Russian)

Almuhametova E.M. Comparison of the efficiency of thermal stimulation and non-stable flooding technologies in the development of heavy oil deposits. Reports of the V International Scientific Symposium ‘Theory and practice of enhanced oil recovery methods application’, September 16–17, 2015. Moscow, VNII JSC, 2015. 66 p. (In Russian)

The program of pilot projects on the improvement of the technologies used for non-stable flooding of 7th unit area of the first operational facility of North Buzachi field (first stage). Scientific and technical support for the North Buzachi field development (contract No. SC13/242/00/S). Мoscow, Concord CJSC, 2013, 71 p. (In Russian)

Almuhametova E.M. The results of non-stable flooding technology application with variation of filtration flows direction in the area of heavy oil deposit of the first operational facility of North Buzachi field. Problemy sbora, podgotovki i transporta nefti i nefteproduktov = Problems of collection, treatment and transportation of oil and oil products, 2015, Rev. 3(101), pp. 20–27. (In Russian)

Vladimirov I.V., Veliyev E.M., Almuhametova E.M., Varysova R.R., Habdrahmanov N.Kh. Theoretical study of non-stable flooding application in various geological and technical conditions of heavy oil deposits development. Problemy sbora, podgotovki i transporta nefti i nefteproduktov = Problems of collection, treatment and transportation of oil and oil products, 2014, Rev. 3(97), pp. 33–44. (In Russian)

For citation:
Vladimirov I.V., Al’myhametova E.M., Varisova R.R., Abutalipova E.M., Avrenyuk A.N. Analysis of results on the unsteady waterflood well testing (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 68–71.

» Oil recovery factor improved through local infill drilling in zones with maximum net thickness: Ivinskoye oil field case study

Drilling of infill wells in zones with maximum net thicknesses and considerable oil reserves per single well offers best opportunities to increase Bashkirian oil recovery factors at the Ivinskoye oil field. Reservoir simulation model was constructed using the same dimensions and number of grid blocks as those of the geological model so that no upscaling was required for further simulations. Production performance was analyzed based on history matching results. Oil saturation distributions and the map of remaining mobile oil reserves were obtained. High oil recovery factors can be achieved if optimal well pattern is used at early stages of development provided good reservoir understanding. This is the case when high oil recoveries can be observed within a relatively short period of time with minimum oil production (low water-oil ratio) and best performance characteristics. Several scenarios for field development optimization were considered. Those provided for infill drilling to ensure optimum well spacing and included planned wells from the previous field development program (eight wells). This paper presents a case study revealing that reduction of well spacing to design value by means of infill drilling provides optimal well pattern, thus enabling maximum incremental oil recoveries per unit area. Additional criteria entail dependencies of oil recovery factor and net present value (NPV) on well spacing which express, respectively, technological and economic efficiency of field development.

Keywords: well spacing, infill drilling, reservoir simulation model, residual oil saturation, oil recovery factor.

Authors:

I.N. Khakimzyanov, e-mail: khakimzyanov@tatnipi.ru; TatNIPIneft – TATNEFT PJSC (Bugulma, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia).

D.T. Kiyamova, e-mail: razrmod@tatnipi.ru; TatNIPIneft – TATNEFT PJSC (Bugulma, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia).

R.I. Sheshdirov, e-mail: razrbug@tatnipi.ru; TatNIPIneft – TATNEFT PJSC (Bugulma, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia).

G.M. Bagautdinov, e-mail: bagautdinov@nayka.su; Nauka LLC (Bugulma, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia).

I.P. Novikov, e-mail: novikov@tatnefteprom.ru, Tatnefteprom JCS (Al’metyevsk, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia).

References:

Sazonov B.F., Ponomarev A.G., Nemkov A.S. Late stage of oil field development. Samara, Kniga Publ., 2008. (In Russian)

Surguchev M.L. et al. Oil extraction from carbonate reservoirs. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1987, 230 p. (In Russian)

Shchelkachev V.N. The impact of wells grid density and location on oil recovery. Neftyanoe khozyaystvo = Oil Industry, 1974, No. 6, pp. 26–29. (In Russian)

RD 153-39-007-96. Rules of design process documents drawing up for the development of oil and gas deposits. Moscow, 1996, 202 p. (In Russian)

Guidelines for investment projects efficiency assessment, 2nd ed. Moscow, Ekonomika Publ., 2000, 421 p. (In Russian)

For citation:
Khakimzyanov I.N., Kiyamova D.T., Sheshdirov R.I., Bagautdinov G.M., Novikov I.P. Oil recovery factor improved through local infill drilling in zones with maximum net thickness: Ivinskoye oil field case study (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 62–66.

» Regulation of supersonic separators

The paper describes the method of gas flow control in the 3S-separator by setting a central body (cone) in 3S-separator’s nozzle. The 3S-technology is based on the principle of gas mixture cooling by adiabatic expansion of the swirling gas flow in a supersonic nozzle. The paper and patents review of published papers on ‘Supersonic separators’ was made. This article describes how to create the model and nozzle flow simulation software package ASNSYS CFX. The simulation was performed for the operating modes 3S-separator, where the pressure and the temperature of the gas entering the separator were 3S-60 atm. and 250 K, respectively. The results of numerical modeling: the distribution of flow parameters (temperature, pressure, Mach number and spin speed) for four different nozzle cross sections (parallel to the axis of the nozzle symmetry and three perpendicular to the axis of symmetry: the critical section, cross-section, which is the end of the cone-shaped body, and an output section). The paper presents the results of modeling the flow of natural gas consisting of a mixture of methane and pentane, in a nozzle of separator 3S for two variants without a central body and with the central body (cone) which was introduced at the maximum distance of the nozzle. The paper makes a comparison and analysis of flow parameters. The greatest influence on the presence of the cone had a spin speed and the temperature in the outlet section. Reducing the temperature of the gas at the same time increasing spin speed for the version with a cone allows a better separation of the condensable fractions in the nozzle. The results suggest that the introduction of a central body provides the ability to regulate the flow of gas through the 3S-separator not only in the form of forced measures to preserve the design of technological regime at lower flow rates of gas, but also as a purposeful action to increase gas cleaning quality with a slight decrease in gas consumption.

Keywords: natural gas, 3S-separator, supersonic separation, flow rate regulation, refining’s efficiency, ANSYS CFX.

Authors:

S.Z. Imaev, e-mail: imaevsalavat@mail.ru; ENGO Engineering Ltd. (Moscow, Russia).

M.I. Safyannikov, e-mail: safyannikov.matvey@gmail.com, ENGO Engineering Ltd. (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Andreev O.P., Minigulov R.M., Korytnikov R.V., Bagirov L.A., Imaev S.Z. Process diagrams of GPP based on 3S-technology for the northern oil and gas fields. Nauka i tehnika v gazovoj promyshlennosti = Science and technology in the gas industry, 2009, No. 2, pp. 4–10. (In Russian)
Korytnikov R.V., Yakhontov D.A., Bagirov L.A., Dmitriev L.M., Imaev S.Z. Industrial tests of supersonic separation technology at NTS UPMT UKGP unit of Zapolyarny oil, gas and condensate field. Neftepromyslovoe delo = Petroleum Engineering, 2012, No. 6, pp. 36–40. (In Russian)
Bagirov L.A., Imaev S.Z. Experience of 3S-technology application for natural gas processing at gas facilities in Russia and China: Report on the Russian Oil and Gas Technical SPE Conference, dated October 26-28, 2015, Moscow, Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE-176649-RU. (In Russian)
Feygin V., Imayev S., Alfyorov V., Bagirov L., Dmitriev L., Lacey J. Supersonic Gas Technologies. TransLang Technologies Ltd., Calgary, Canada.
Alfyorov V., Bagirov L., Dmitriev L., Feygin V., Imayev S., Lacey John R. Supersonic nozzle efficiently separates natural gas components. Oil & Gas Journal, May 23, 2005, pp. 53–58.
Liu Xingwei, Liu Zhongliang, Li Yanxia. Investigation on Separation Efficiency in Supersonic Separator with Gas-Droplet Flow Based on DPM Approach. Separation Science and Technology, 49: 2603–2612, 2014.
Farakhov T.M., Iskhakov A.R., Minigulov R.M. Highly efficient separation equipment for natural gas purification from the dispersion media. Neftegazovoe delo = Oil and gas business, 2011, No. 6, pp. 263–277. (In Russian)
Liu Xingwei, Liu Zhongliang, Li Yanxia. Numerical Study of the High Speed Compressible Flow with Non-Equilibrium Condensation in a Supersonic Separator. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, September 2015, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 360–366.
Devisilov V.A., Zhydkov D.A. Gas-dynamic treatment of associated petroleum gas – a way to improve the planet ecology. Bulletin of Samara Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2014, Vol. 16, No. 1 (6), pp. 1721–1727. (In Russian)

For citation:
Imaev S.Z., Safyannikov M.I. Regulation of supersonic separators (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 98–104.

» Improving of methodology of estimating working evaporative losses

Evaporation losses of oil while storage, filling and emptying of oil tanks are a large part of losses while transportation of crude oil. Inaccurate calculation of losses results in a huge financial damage. That is why it is necessary to make a calculation correctly. The main problem while calculation of working evaporative losses is estimation of concentration growth while storage of crude oil, filling or emptying. Criteria equations are used for this purpose. Accuracy of criteria equations from research [2, 4] was estimated while operating procedure in oil tanks. Methodologies for estimating working evaporative losses was analyzed. In some scenarios, results of calculation of vapor concentration of oil do not conform to real value of vapor concentration [3, 4]. Especially calculation using the equation form research [2] for emptying of oil tanks shows that vapor concentration is growing while this process, that is not right. Calculation using the equation from research [3] for storage of oil shows that vapor concentration is not growing while this process that is also not right. Using the real measurements new criteria equations were deduced. According to the compared methods, new methodology, working evaporative losses from the fixed roof tank were calculated.Calculation accuracy of these methods was done as well.

Keywords: losses, oil, crude oil, working losses, criteria equations, mass transfer, oil tank, fixed roof tank.

Authors:

A.F. Maksimenko, e-mail: maf@gubkin.ru; Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

I.F. Dyachenko, e-mail: dyachenko.i@gubkin.ru; Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

S.S. Lopovok, e-mail: slopovok@yandex.ru, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Guidelines for the definition of technological losses of oil and oil products during transportation with main pipelines, app. on 20.08.2012.
(In Russian)
Korshak S.A. Improvement of losses calculation methods for gasoline evaporation from VST and VSTP types tanks, PhD thesis in Engineering Science. Ufa, 2003. (In Russian)
Lubin E.A. Substantiation of oil vapours recovery technology from the VST type tanks with pump-ejector unit, PhD thesis in Engineering Science. Saint Petersburg, 2010. (In Russian)
Mukhamedyarova R.A., Abuzova F.F. Mass transfer of the evaporating surface at the saturation of the tank gas space. Transport i khranenie nefti i nefteproduktov = Transportation and storage of oil and oil products, No. 4, 1981, pp. 27–29. (In Russian)
Maksimenko A.F., Lopovok S.S. Comparative analysis of the methods for oil and oil products losses accounting in tanks by evaporation. Neft', gaz i biznes = Oil, gas and business, 2015, No. 5, pp. 56–59. (In Russian)
Maksimenko A.F., Lopovok S.S. Simulation of tank filling process the with oil products. Neft', gaz i biznes = Oil, gas and business, 2015, No. 4, pp. 52–53. (In Russian)

For citation:
Maksimenko A.F., Dyachenko I.F., Lopovok S.S. Improving of methodology of estimating working evaporative losses (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 92–95.

» Turret position-keeping system of platform for fields of freezing seas

A combined form of development using the platform of the ship type for deep-water oil and gas fields in freezing seas in the organization of monitoring and Ice Control allows to carry out oil and gas production for most of the year with the use of modern methods of enhanced oil recovery and ensure high rate of recovery factor When using the combined type development of the problem is the organization of a reliable retention of the technology platform on the point of installation. Various technologies are used in the retaining platform according to the type and area of application. The use of floating production, storage and offloading platform (FPSO) may have both shallow and deepwater fields, which resulted in a variety of schemes of their anchor retention system (mooring). The article presents the containment system of FSPO (containment systems, and turret tower gravity types) features, as well as the possibility of their use in the development of offshore oil and gas fields. Authors have described in detail the composition of the structure turret systems and their elements. Authors have made a conclusion about the appropriateness of FSPO in the combined form of development of offshore oil and gas fields on the Arctic and Far Eastern shelf at depths of over 50 meters, because FSPO are characterized by the presence of large space for equipment, the volume for storage of liquid hydrocarbons, which allows the use of proven land-based technology development and exploitation oil and gas fields with the use of modern methods of enhanced oil recovery and ensuring of high recovery factor.

Keywords: a combined form of development of offshore fields, position-keeping system of platform, FPSO, turret, buoy supported riser system, turntable, ice belt, swivel unit, anchor foundations.

Authors:

Yu.A. Kharchenko, e-mail: doc.2004.8@yandex.ru; Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

R.M. Ter-Sarkisov, e-mail: RUDOLF_ts@mail.ru; Oil and Gas Research Institute RAS (Moscow, Russia).

E.A. Potysev, e-mail: evgen-potysev@mail.ru, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University) (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Rules for classification, construction and offshore floating oil and gas complex equipment. Saint-Petersburg, Rossijskij morskoj registr sudohodstva, 2011, 162 pp. (In Russian)
Wall M., Pugh H.R., Reay A., Krol J. Failure modes, reliability and integrity of floating storage unit (FPSO, FSU) turret and swivel systems. Offshore Technology Report, 2001.
William L. Leffler, Richard Pattarozzi, Gordon Sterling. Deepwater petroleum exploration and production: a nontechnical guide. 2nd ed., 2011.
Subrata K. Chakrabarti, Handbook of Offshore Engineering (2-volume set), Elsevier, 2005.
Ice formation of the West Arctic seas. Ed. by G.K. Zubakin, Saint-Petersburg, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 2006, 272 pp. (In Russian)
Berezhnoj K.G., Verbickij S.V. Types of offshore floating technology platforms: advantages and dis advantages. Morskie intellektual’nye tekhnologii = Marine Intellectual Technologies, 2015, № 3(29), P. 33–46. (In Russian)

For citation:
Kharchenko Yu.A., Ter-Sarkisov R.M., Potysev E.A. Turret position-keeping system of platform for fields of freezing seas (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 76–84.

» Holding power evaluation of dragging concrete coated pipe through the bottom trench

Concrete coated pipe are being discovered ever-growing use in main pipeline construction at the present time. Efficiency of appliance shows up the most at subsurface pipelining on water-bearing area and construction of main pipeline underwater transition. There are few methods of concrete coated pipe laying may apply. It depends on stream characteristics and constructional conditions. Traditional method of pipeline laying by dragging into prearranged bottom trench also apply in particular. In elaboration of design documents on construction or overhaul of main pipeline underwater transition indispensably to consider it design feature related with coating type in this case. Choice of technology providing pipe laying technological process depends on it. Holding power evaluation involves the description of the entire pipeline route dragging from point of view of the pipeline conditions of interaction with the ground at each point of the pipeline route. The holding power of the pipeline, considered in any point of the pipeline at the dragging of the trench at the bottom, is presented as the longitudinal force, which depends on the coordinates of the point and directed against the applied traction. General approach of holding power evaluation in case of concrete coated pipe laying into bottom trench by dragging method has offered in the article. Holding power value defines both required traction and axial stress distribution in process of dragging. Thus general holding power components of pipe relocation connected with soil characteristics of dragging track reviewed by. General holding power components also related with pipeline characteristics as elastic structure and path profile. Methodical procedure of evaluation holding power related with interaction between pipeline and soil when dragging has been formulated.

Keywords: concrete coated pipe, dragging, main pipeline underwater transition.

Authors:

A.A. Filatov; Gazprom PJSC (Moscow, Russia).

M.K. Dyachkov, e-mail: mail@eksikom.ru, Eksikom LLC (Moscow, Russia).

References:

Guidelines for the collection of geotechnical data and the use of tabular geotechnical data in the design of subgrade of highways. Moscow, 1981. (In Russian)
Foundations of buildings and structures SNiP 2.02.01-83*. (In Russian)
Borodavkin P.P. Offshore oil and gas constructions, Textbook for high schools, Part 2, Construction technology. Moscow, Nedra-Biznestsentr, 2007. (In Russian)

For citation:
Filatov A.A., Dyachkov M.K. Holding power evaluation of dragging concrete coated pipe through the bottom trench (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 108–113.

» Strength and durability evaluation of pipes with defects for effective repair planning on the linear part of the main pipelines

Adequate assessment of a risk level of defected pipes of main pipelines is one of the actual problems in a process of a linear pipeline portion exploitation. Nowadays, there are a few approaches of solution of this problem and also a system of calculation methods which includes exploitation specificity of main gas and oil pipelines. Unambiguous solution of the mentioned problem is complicated by the absence of uniformity in technological normative documents regulating the process of determining the remaining strength of defected pipes, in methods of durability and endurance assessment of defected pipes and also, by the complexity of used mathematical apparatus. In the article, limiting state criterions of pipelines are determined, which help to make the process of durability and endurance assessment of defected pipes more rapid. Is was done according to the world calculation methods and existing normative documents of Russian organisations responsible for pipeline transportation. According to the analysis of existing methods of durability and endurance assessment of defected pipes, a mathematical model of assessment of a risk level of exploitating pipelines with corrosion defects and cracks, including their geometrics, is suggested. A graphical interpretation of calculated correlation of this mathematical model are diagrams of maximum allowable pressure of a pipeline section and age limit of pipeline with defects of different depth. Thereby, scientifically substantiated assessment and determining of remaining strength of defected pipes will enable to schadule rapair works on a linear pipeline portion.

Keywords: pipe defects, quantitative reliability criteria, pipe stress-strain state, planning repairs, strength and durability calculation.

Authors:

A.V. Salnikov, e-mail: ugtusovet@yandex.ru; Ukhta State Technical University (Ukhta, Russia).

А.М. Sharygin, e-mail: аsharygin@ugtu.net; Ukhta State Technical University (Ukhta, Russia).
A.A. Ignatik, e-mail: aignatik@ugtu.net, Ukhta State Technical University (Ukhta, Russia).

References:

RD-23.040.00-KTN-115-11. Main oil pipelines and oil-products pipelines. Determination of strength and durability of defective pipes and welded joints. Flaw Detection Center Diascan OJSC, NII TNN LLC, Moscow, Transneft OJSC, 2013, 142 p. (In Russian)
STO Gazprom 2-2.3-292-2009. The rules for determining the technical condition of the main pipelines based on the results of in-line inspection. Moscow, Gazprom Expo LLC, 2009, 30 p. (In Russian)
STO Gazprom 2-2.3-361-2009. Guideline for assessment and forecast of the corrosion state of the main gas pipeline linear part. Moscow, Gazprom Expo LLC, 2010, 40 p. (In Russian)
STO Gazprom 2-2.3-750-2013. The criteria for shutdown of main gas pipeline linear part sections for overhaul. Moscow, Gazprom Expo LLC, 2015, 54 p. (In Russian)
STO Gazprom 2-2.3-112-2007. Procedural guidelines for assessment of the operation capability of main gas pipeline sections with corrosion defects. Moscow, Information and Advertising Center of the Gas Industry LLC, 2007, 68 p. (In Russian)
R Gazprom 2-2.3-595-2011. Rules of appointment of the repair methods for Gazprom OJSC unified gas supply system main gas pipeline linear part defective sections. Moscow, Gazprom Expo LLC, 2012, 52 p. (In Russian)
ASME B31G-2009 (Revision of ASME B31G-1991). Manual for Determing the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines. New York, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009, 56 pp.
RD-23.040.00-KTN-090-07. Classification of defects and repair methods for defects and defective sections of the existing main oil pipelines. Moscow, Transneft OJSC, 2007, 69 p. (In Russian)
Vaynshtok S.M., et al. Midstream operations. College textbook in 2 vol., Vol. 2. Edited by S.M. Vaynshtok. Moscow, Nedra-Business Centre LLC, 2004, 621 p. (In Russian)
Lisin Yu. V., Soshchenko A.Ye. Technologies of the main oil pipeline transportation of Russia. Moscow, Publishing House Nedra LLC, 2013,
421 p. (In Russian)
Mazur I.I., Ivantsov O.M. Pipeline systems safety. Moscow, Publishing Center ELIMA, 2004, 1,104 p. with ill. (In Russian)
Vashchev Yu.V., Vyshivany I.G., Kisilev V.K., et al. Diagnostics and monitoring of the technical state of gas pipelines, providing reliability, environmental safety and control of gas transport, monography. Nizhniy Novgorod, Publishing house of Nizhegorodsky State University, 2007, 204 p. (In Russian)
Kurochkin V.V. Pipeline operational durability. Moscow, Nedra-Business Centre LLC, 2001, 231 p. (In Russian)
1Gasparyants R.S. The methodology of calculation for strength and durability of pipes and welded joints with defects. Neftepromyslovoe delo = Oilfield engineering, 2008, No. 2, pp. 35–41. (In Russian)
Gasparyants R.S. Calculation of strength and durability of pipelines with corrosive metal loss defects. Neftepromyslovoe delo = Oilfield engineering, 2008, No. 1, pp. 34–39. (In Russian)

For citation:
Salnikov A.V., Sharygin А.М., Ignatik A.A. Strength and durability evaluation of pipes with defects for effective repair planning on the linear part of the main pipelines (In Russ.). Territorija «NEFTEGAZ» = Oil and Gas Territory, 2016, No. 9, P. 114–121.

Territorija Neftegas № 9 2016

Read in this issue:

Automation

Drilling

ENERGY SECTOR

Gas distribution stations and gas supply system

Geology

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

OIL AND GAS TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

Fields Development and operation installation

Pipelines operation and maintenance

Territorija Neftegas № 9 2016

Read in this issue:

Automation

Drilling

ENERGY SECTOR

Gas distribution stations and gas supply system

Geology

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

OIL AND GAS TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

﻿Fields Development and operation installation

﻿Pipelines operation and maintenance

Fields Development and operation installation

Pipelines operation and maintenance