Gazovaya promyshlennost’ № 03 2018

The modern centralized dispatch control system represents a multilevel, geographically distributed, and reserved software and hardware complex. This complex coexists with the process of updating regulatory documentation, increasing requirements for systems, and intensification of competition among developers. The development and implementation of the complex are accompanied by the analysis of calculation procedures, development of object models, calculation examples, software and hardware stands. High standards for the reliability and accuracy of calculations of the dispatch control system lead to the development of a method for input data validation and calculation algorithms verification. The article proposes a method for calculation development that represents an iteration procedure: the search for a calculated example in open sources and its implementation (repetition of the sequence); the search for alternative options for calculating the parameters of the example (branching); verifying the calculation results in the modeling program and identifying the reasons for the discrepancy (analysis); correction of input data and bringing to the updated regulatory framework (verification). The paper presents the results of the application of the method: refined calculation examples, proposals for updating regulatory documentation, a new algorithm for solving the problem of determining the possible or actual hydrate formation in a gas pipeline. The results of the method were used during the development of the software dispatching complex Potok-DU, the implementation phase begins with the Power of Siberia pipeline. In March 2017, Gazprom avtomatizatsiya PJSC successfully tested the Potok-DU complex at the production facilities of Gazprom transgaz Tomsk LLC in the Khabarovsk Linear Production Department of the Main Gas Pipelines and the Far Eastern Regional Dispatch Center. The scientific side of the method got approval at the 7th International Scientific and Technical Conference “Gas Transmission Systems: Present and Future” (GTS-2017) on October 26–27, 2017.

The development parameters are the basis of any project of the oil and gas field facilities construction. The technical decisions on the raw hydrocarbons treatment and process instrumentation are based on these parameters. Obtaining reliable development parameters at the stage of engineering studies is an important phase in the construction. It ensures the adoption of optimal technical solutions with the maximum efficiency of capital investments. The article discusses the problems of development of multi-layer deposits and the ways of the technical solutions optimization, using the example of the Kynsko-Chaselskaya group of fields (Yamal-Nenets Autonomоus District, Russian Federation).
The issues of variability of the gas gathering system in conditions of multidirectional dynamics of reservoir development parameters with selection of optimal diameters of flowlines, geological and geophysical characteristics of the developed reservoirs, hydraulic losses of the system and uniform removal of the reservoir fluid are considered. The issue of gas compression is discussed with determination of alternative versions for separate and joint transport of gases from the PK1 reservoir of the Cenomanian deposit and the T reservoir of the Turonian deposit. All decisions were in close relationship with the priority interests of the gas producing company in obtaining acceptable values of the technical and economic indexes of development for two layers simultaneously.
The integrated approach to solving design problems, to effective development and operation of a gas condensate field, which is described in the article, allows reducing capital, production and discounted costs for field development. It increases the economic attractiveness of the multi-layer fields development.
The obtained results allow making the proposals on the necessity of the close cooperation between design organizations and subsoil users in solving the urgent problems of optimization of technical solutions of modern oil and gas industry together with development parameters.

Active work is being conducted on developing hydrocarbon reserves on the Sakhalin shelf (Russian Federation). In preparing for the development of license blocks, special attention should be paid to ensuring the operational reliability of the facilities during the entire life cycle. The operational reliability and stability of offshore production facilities significantly depend on reliable data on the engineering and geological conditions, the mechanical, deformation and specific properties of seafloor sediments, which in turn influence the choice of reliable engineering and design solutions. Particular attention during engineering surveys should be given to the study of finely dispersed saturated seabed sediments exhibiting dynamic instability under seismic load. The effect of dynamic instability of bottom soils under seismic load can be characterized by the disappearance of effective stresses (liquefaction) in the soil or by the accumulation of significant deformations. The article discusses the need to identify the risks associated with seismic activity, in particular the need and special features of a special engineering survey complex, aimed at assessing the stability of seabed soils in earthquakes of different intensity. Geological processes posing a potential hazard to the stability of offshore production facilities and subsea pipelines, such as subsea landslides and creeps, are described. These geological processes can be triggered by the effect of lateral spread of the soil during its seismic liquefaction. For accident-free operation of the fields, it is necessary to conduct recognition, localization, parametric description, expected development, and monitoring of potential geological hazards. Thus, these factors can have a negative impact and lead to loss of stability in offshore production facilities and subsea pipelines.

Improvement of the requirements to training and checking the knowledge of managers and employees of organizations performing operation and maintaining hazardous industrial facilities is an important task of the state policy in the field of industrial safety. This article presents a new competency-based approach to conducting mandatory training and testing of knowledge of workers in the field of industrial safety, which consists in the application of the developed automated assessment and training complex for professionally important qualities. This complex is based on the algorithm developed by the authors and allows not only assessing, but also raising the level of workers' readiness to carry out maintenance and repair of hazardous production facilities, as well as the readiness to act in emergency situations. The possibility of increasing the effectiveness of compulsory training in the field of industrial safety with the use of of developed automated complex in the existing automated training system is proved with the help of performed statistical calculations on the basis of results of the pilot training of workers operating hazardous industrial facilities of the main gas transport. The calculations performed during the appraisal proved that workers from the control group have statistically significantly lower level of knowledge of the safety requirements in comparison with that level of the workers from the experimental group. The algorithm of application of the developed automated complexes for improving the system of constant education and training of workers in the field of industrial safety is proposed. The implementation of the developed automated complex provides, on the one hand, a reduction in the probability of potential accidents by improving the efficiency of the mandatory training procedure and testing knowledge of the industrial safety requirements of workers. On the other hand, it provides a reduction of the damage from accidents by improving staff readiness for accident localizing.

Associated petroleum gas is a strategically important raw material resource of industrial petrochemistry largely determining the country's economic and industrial growth. Due to the present, complex mining and geological conditions of small and medium-sized hard-to-reach oil and gas fields with undeveloped infrastructure, the issue of utilization of associated petroleum gas is becoming an increasingly urgent task, particularly in the development of offshore fields. The beneficial use of associated gas is not only an economic but also an environmental issue associated with reducing the negative impact of the oil and gas industry on the environment. Organization of gas gathering system on giant oil-and-gas and gas condensate fields according to the traditional development plan is a costly operation that requires considerable time for implementation. In addition, this technology is not actually applicable to geographically separated small and medium fields, including offshore satellite fields. The article presents a new technology for utilization of associated petroleum gas for use in medium and remote fields, fields with undeveloped infrastructure, as well as offshore oil and gas fields using flare gases. The proposed technology allows to reduce the capital costs for the development and exploitation of the field, while ensuring high efficiency, rapid integration into the existing flow scheme without introducing additional significant changes into it and with minimal harmful impact on the environment. The article also describes the limitations of existing technologies for gas utilization, such as large size and weight of used units, which is unacceptable in offshore platform, which has limitations on the permissible weight and dimensions of the equipment being placed.

Прокладка газопровода на территории Российской Федерации осуществляется, как правило, по сильно пересеченной местности. В связи с этим возрастает необходимость предусмотреть влияние опасных геологических процессов на трассу газопровода и рассчитать параметры его эксплуатации. На трассе газопровода, проложенного по карстовой территории, выбран потенциально опасный подземный участок, где возможен его отказ. По разработанной авторами математической модели осуществлены расчеты и исследования напряженно-деформированного состояния для выбранного подземного участка газопровода трубопровода без компенсаторов и с учетом установки П-образных (в виде трапеции) компенсаторов-упоров. Результаты расчетов для различных значений параметров эксплуатации представлены в виде эпюр и значений основных характеристик напряженно-деформационного состояния газопровода. Каждый вариант расчета завершается анализом напряженно-деформационного состояния газопровода и оценкой его прочности в соответствии с требованиями положений нормативных документов, регламентирующих эксплуатацию магистральных трубопроводов. Для подземного участка газопровода без компенсаторов-упоров в карсте установлено: максимальные (фибровые) суммарные продольные напряжения от нормативных нагрузок и воздействий превышают их предельно допустимые значения, что может привести к образованию потенциально опасных сечений газопровода и отказу в его работе. В статье вынесено предложение по установке компенсаторов-упоров для подземного участка трубопровода, находящегося в карсте. Компенсаторы-упоры препятствуют возникновению пластических деформаций в стенке трубы и появлению потенциально опасных участков, где возможен отказ работы газопровода.

The article is devoted to the topical issue of assessing the quality of sand control screens used to collect formation sand during the operation of oil and gas wells. The quality of the sand control screen is assessed in terms of the technical characteristics of this mechanical device and its sand-retaining capacity. A brief classification of the sand control screens by design and methods of their installation in a well is presented. Quality evaluation features of sand control screens are considered in comparison with other oil and gas equipment. The lack of a regulatory framework in the field of sand control screens and sand control in oil and gas wells is emphasized. Thus, this issue significantly complicates the certification of sand control screens to confirm the features that directly affect their quality. The main characteristics of sand control screens that affect their quality as a mechanical device are detailed: the base tube material; the number of perforations in the base pipe by 1 linear meter and their diameter; the cross-sectional shape of the screen wire wrap; the external collapsing pressure and the internal burst pressure; tensile strength; permissible bending radius; and permissible torque. Therefore, the approach suggested by the authors is fully justified, it considers quality issues of sand control screens as mechanical devices, without any regard to the technology of their installation. The article outlines the issues that arise when assessing the quality of sand control screens. According to the authors, the solution of these problems is in developing and adopting appropriate standards.

Steel pipes with concrete coating are widely used in construction of the main pipeline crossings through water barriers and on the offshore sites. The concrete coating is applied by impingement application, compression coating, slip forming. Meanwhile, in some documents, another way of manufacturing the pipes with concrete weight coating is indicated, which involves pumping a concrete mixture into a shell under pressure. The concrete mix, used in the filling of high-density reinforcement and thin-walled structures, should have a high mobility. For manufacturing of the ballast coatings by injection under pressure, the molded, self-sealing or other concretes, similar to them in properties, should be applied, because it is extremely difficult to ensure a continuous filling of the annulus located inside the cage and the spacer elements with the help of less mobile compounds. There is a possibility that the heavy dispersion phase in a highly mobile concrete mixture will settle faster than the mixture will harden. So, it will localize in the vicinity of the lower forming metal-polymer shell on the side of the pipe from which the concrete mixture is fed. Because of this, a significant difference in weight at the ends of the concreted pipe can appear. The potential danger of uneven distribution of the density of the concrete mixture (with a heavy dispersed phase) along the length of the ballast coating should be considered as a difficult avoidable feature of technology. The situation is complicated by the metal-polymer shell itself, which prevents the direct control of the quality of concrete. This article proposes to clarify the application area of concreted pipes made by injection of a concrete mix by pressure, as well as to supplement the normative documents regulating requirements to quality of concrete covering concreted pipes by the requirement that not only the sample mean value of the density of sample-core, but the coefficient of variation should be determined by the results of the experimental data.

The article describes the results of a study of the reclamation in the development zone of the Bovanenkovskoe field (Yamal Peninsula, Russian Federation) in 2010–2015. The set of works was aimed at restoring the productivity and economic value of disturbed lands, as well as improving the environmental conditions. The authors developed a methodology for controlling the adaptation of reclaimed and contaminated areas to local natural conditions, aimed at an integral assessment of the biocenosis state of the reclaimed territories of the Far North. To assess the restoration of reclaimed areas, the estimated (weight) coefficients are recommended for the following groups of indicators: chemical, geobotanical, ecological, and biological. Recommendations for sampling are given. In the course of the work, the passport of the studied site is filled in and the sample collection report is drawn up. The carried out control of reclamation in the pilot site of the Bovanenkovskoe oil and gas condensate field showed that in five years there was a complete restoration of local plant and animal associations. The site completely corresponds to local natural conditions and is a source of reproduction of the forage reserve of local reindeer breeding.